Class XII - Bio-Botany (English Medium) -Tamil Nadu State Board Reduced Syllabus - 2021-22

                            SYLLABUS 2021 – 2022

STD: 12                    SUBJECT : BIO – BOTANY (THEORY)

 

CHAPTER	CONTENT
CHAPTER: 1                                                                                Asexual and Sexual Reproduction in Plants	1.1        Asexual reproduction 1.2        Vegetative Reproduction 1.2.1   Natural Methods 1.4        Pre-fertilization structure and events 1.4.1   Male reproductive part-Androecium 1.4.2   Female reproductive part- Gynoecium 1.4.3   Pollination 1.6        Post fertilization and events 1.7        Apomixis 1.8        Polyembryony 1.9        Parthenocarpy
CHAPTER: 2 Classical Genetics	2.1        Heredity and variation 2.2        Mendelism 2.2.3 Terminology related to Mendelism 2.3        Monohybrid cross 2.3.4   Dihybrid cross 2.3.5   The Dihybrid test cross 2.4        Intragenic interactions 2.4.1   Incomplete dominance – No blending of genes 2.4.2   Codominance (1 : 2 : 1) 2.4.3   Lethal genes 2.4.4   Pleiotropy – A single gene affects multiple traits 2.5     Intergenic interactions
Chapter: 3 Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance	3.2        Linkage 3.2.1   Coupling and repulsion theory 3.2.2   kinds of Linkage 3.2.3   Linkage Groups 3.3        Crossing Over 3.3.1   Mechanism of Crossing Over 3.3.3   Importance of Crossing Over 3.3.4   Recombination 3.3.5   Genetic Mapping 3.4     Multiple alleles 3.5.1 Types of mutation 3.5.3 Chromosomal mutations

CHAPTER 4: Principles and Processes of Bio-technology	4.2.           Methods of Biotechnology 4.2.1       Fermentation 4.2.2       Single cell Protein 4.3            Advancements in Modern Biotechnology 4.4            Tools for Genetic Engineering 4.4.1       Restriction Endonuclease 4.4.2       DNA Ligase 4.4.3       Alkaline Phosphatase 4.4.4       Vectors 4.5            Methods of Gene Transfer 4.5.1       Direct or Vectorless Gene transfer 4.5.2       Indirect or vector-Mediated Gene transfer 4.6            Screening for Recombinants 4.6.1       Insertional Inactivation - Blue White Colony Selection Method 4.6.2       Antibiotic resistant markers 4.6.4       Molecular Techniques - Isolation of Genetic Material and Gel Electrophoresis 4.6.5       Nucleic Acid Hybridation 4.6.6       Bioassay for Target Gene Effect 4.6.7       Genome Sequencing and Plant Genome Projects 4.6.8       Evolutionary pattern assessed using DNA 4.6.10 RNA Interference (RNAi) 4.7.2       Herbicide Tolerant - Basta 4.7.3       Insect resistance - Bt Crops 4.7.7     Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) 4.7.11 Bioremediation 4.7.13  Bioprospecting 4.8        Applications of Biotechnology
Chapter 5 Plant Tissue Culture	5.1        Basic concepts of Tissue Culture 5.2        Plant Tissue Culture 5.2.2   Technique involved in PTC 5.2.3   Types of plant Tissue culture 5.4.    Applications of Plant Tissue Culture 5.4.2 Artificial Seed 5.5.2 Cryopreservation 5. 7.   Future of Biotechnology
Chapter 6 Principles of Ecology	6.1            Ecology 6.1.1       Definitions of ecology 6.1.2       Ecological hierarchy 6.1.4       Habitat & Niche 6.1.5       Ecological equivalents 6.2.1     Climatic Factors 6.2.b       Temperature 6.2.c       Water

	6.2.2       Edaphic factors 6.2.3       Topographic factors 6.2.4       Biotic factors 6.3       Ecological adaptations – Hydrophytes, Xerophytes Mesophytes
Chapter 7 Ecosystem	7.2.1     Photosynthetically Active Radiation 7.2.3.    Concepts of trophic level in an Ecosystem 7.2.4       Energy flow 7.2.5       food chain 7.2.6.    Food web 7.2.7     Ecological pyramids 7.2.9       Biogeo Chemical cycle carbon cycle &phosphorous cycle 7.2.10    Types of ecosystem 7.3            plant succession 7.3.1.      Characteristics of Ecological succession 7.3.2.      Types of succession 7.3.3       Classification of plant succession 7.3.4       Significance of plant succession
Chapter 8 Environmental Issues	8.1            Green house effect and Global warming 8.1.4       Ozone Depletion 8.1.5       Effects of Ozone depletion 8.2            Forestry 8.3            Deforestation 8.4            Afforestation 8.5            Alien species 8.7        Carbon capture and storage 8.9            Environmental impact assessment 8.10         GIS
Chapter 9 Plant Breeding	9.4            Organic agriculture 9.4.1       Biofertilizers 9.5            Plant breeding 9.5.1       Objectives of Plant Breeding 9.6            Conventional plant breeding methods 9.6.1       Plant introduction 9.6.3       Hybridization 9.6.4       Heterosis 9.7        Modern Plant breeding
Chapter 10 Economically useful plants	10.1.3    Minor Millet 10.2       Spices and Condiments 10.4       Timber 10.9.      Traditional system of Medicine 10.10       Medicinal plants 10.11       Entrepreneurial Botany 10.11.1  Organic Farming

PRACTICAL

 STANDARD: 12                              SUBJECT : BIO – BOTANY

 

Sl.No	Topic
Preserved Specimens/ Model/ Photograph / Pictures
1.	E.Coli cloning vector (pBR 322)
2.	Types of Ecological Pyramids – Number, Biomass, Energy
Solving Problems
3.	To verify Monohybrid cross
4.	Analysis – Dihybrid Cross
5.	Flow of energy – 10 % Law
6.	Quadrat method – Population density and frequency determination
7.	Genetic linkage maps
Experiments
8.	Study of Pollen germination on a slide
9.	Isolation of DNA from plant material